Recently, I have made a sample application using Spring and JCaptcha, and want to share with you all.
Basically funda of Captcha is to distinguish between human or robot(basically bot written to automate to fill some forms of your website which might be used to crash your application).
In this, program will produce some image containing dictionary words or some random alphanumeric words which you have to fill up in corresponding textfield in the form.
For this I am using JCaptcha and Spring. You can get more information JCaptcha from http://forge.octo.com/jcaptcha/confluence/display/general/Home .
So let start with the integration of JCaptcha and Spring.
<bean id="imageEngine"
class="com.octo.captcha.engine.GenericCaptchaEngine">
<constructor-arg index="0">
<list>
<ref bean="CaptchaFactory" />
</list>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
Then, a CaptchaFactory needs:
class="com.octo.captcha.image.gimpy.GimpyFactory">
<constructor-arg>
<ref bean="wordgen" />
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg>
<ref bean="wordtoimage" />
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
class="com.octo.captcha.component.word.wordgenerator.DictionaryWordGenerator">
<constructor-arg>
<ref bean="filedict" />
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
A Dictionary provides words, this one reads words from the one provided by default, with almost 6000 english words.
<bean id="filedict"
class="com.octo.captcha.component.word.FileDictionary">
<constructor-arg index="0">
<value>toddlist</value>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
After to other important part to create a factory, is the WordToImage component, which is mainly created with three others components:
<bean id="wordtoimage"
class="com.octo.captcha.component.image.wordtoimage.ComposedWordToImage">
<constructor-arg index="0">
<ref bean="fontGenRandom" />
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="1">
<ref bean="backGenUni" />
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="2">
<ref bean="simpleWhitePaster" />
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
class="com.octo.captcha.component.image.fontgenerator.RandomFontGenerator">
<constructor-arg index="0">
<value>40</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="1">
<value>50</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="2">
<list>
<ref bean="fontArial" />
</list>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
A font is declared like this :
<bean id="fontArial" class="java.awt.Font">
<constructor-arg index="0">
<value>Arial</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="1">
<value>0</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="2">
<value>10</value>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
class="com.octo.captcha.component.image.backgroundgenerator.UniColorBackgroundGenerator">
<constructor-arg index="0">
<value>300</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="1">
<value>100</value>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean id="colorGreen" class="java.awt.Color">
<constructor-arg index="0">
<value>0</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="1">
<value>255</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="2">
<value>0</value>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
<td><label>Control text</label></td><td><input type="text" name="j_captcha_response" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><img src="captcha.htm" /></td>
byte[] captchaChallengeAsJpeg = null;
BufferedImage challenge = captchaService.getImageChallengeForID(captchaId,request.getLocale());
JPEGImageEncoder jpegEncoder =
JPEGCodec.createJPEGEncoder(jpegOutputStream);
return
null;
void validateCaptcha(HttpServletRequest request, BindException errors){
try {
That's it you are done with JCpatcha. You can download the code from http://www.esnips.com/doc/271c96b3-2209-4dcd-9456-2acb302d431e/JCaptchaSpring
Basically funda of Captcha is to distinguish between human or robot(basically bot written to automate to fill some forms of your website which might be used to crash your application).
In this, program will produce some image containing dictionary words or some random alphanumeric words which you have to fill up in corresponding textfield in the form.
For this I am using JCaptcha and Spring. You can get more information JCaptcha from http://forge.octo.com/jcaptcha/confluence/display/general/Home .
So let start with the integration of JCaptcha and Spring.
- First thing is to have one conf file, mine is applicationContext.xml file which get loaded using web.xml file.<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value></context-param>
- In applicationContext.xml file,put these lines for basic configuration :
<bean class="com.octo.captcha.service.image.DefaultManageableImageCaptchaService" id="imageCaptchaService"/>
But I think nobody want the basic things with your project so you need to change this configuration to :
<bean id="captchaService"
class="com.octo.captcha.service.multitype.GenericManageableCaptchaService">
<constructor-arg index="0">
<ref bean="imageEngine" />
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="1">
<value>180</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="2">
<value>180000</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg type="int" index="3" value="75000"/>
</bean>
This is for customizing your JCaptcha look and feel and the words which going to come in image that will be get displayed in your application form.
- Third important thing is to set up the imageEngine bean which is instance of CaptchaEngine.
<bean id="imageEngine"
class="com.octo.captcha.engine.GenericCaptchaEngine">
<constructor-arg index="0">
<list>
<ref bean="CaptchaFactory" />
</list>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
Then, a CaptchaFactory needs:
- A word generator, to create the text to read.
- A wordToImage, to generate the captcha from the text.
class="com.octo.captcha.image.gimpy.GimpyFactory">
<constructor-arg>
<ref bean="wordgen" />
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg>
<ref bean="wordtoimage" />
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
A WordGenerator creates a text to be read, it can be random, be a common implementation take words from a list, and can make composition to create a text easier to read for a human being. In the example the WordGenerator needs a Dictionnary to get real words from.
<bean id="wordgen"class="com.octo.captcha.component.word.wordgenerator.DictionaryWordGenerator">
<constructor-arg>
<ref bean="filedict" />
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
A Dictionary provides words, this one reads words from the one provided by default, with almost 6000 english words.
<bean id="filedict"
class="com.octo.captcha.component.word.FileDictionary">
<constructor-arg index="0">
<value>toddlist</value>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
After to other important part to create a factory, is the WordToImage component, which is mainly created with three others components:
- A font generator
- A background generator
- A Text paster
<bean id="wordtoimage"
class="com.octo.captcha.component.image.wordtoimage.ComposedWordToImage">
<constructor-arg index="0">
<ref bean="fontGenRandom" />
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="1">
<ref bean="backGenUni" />
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="2">
<ref bean="simpleWhitePaster" />
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
A FontGenerator provide Fonts to a WordToImage, differents fonts increase the difficulties for cracking software using a learning process. This one generates random fonts from a list, and the first two arguments are the minimum size and the maximum size of the font.
<bean id="fontGenRandom"class="com.octo.captcha.component.image.fontgenerator.RandomFontGenerator">
<constructor-arg index="0">
<value>40</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="1">
<value>50</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="2">
<list>
<ref bean="fontArial" />
</list>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
A font is declared like this :
<bean id="fontArial" class="java.awt.Font">
<constructor-arg index="0">
<value>Arial</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="1">
<value>0</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="2">
<value>10</value>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
The BackgrountGenerator component can be very simple like in the example, single color, or more complex with real picture, or fancy computed shapes. The first two arguments are always, the size (length and height) of the resulting image.
<bean id="backGenUni"class="com.octo.captcha.component.image.backgroundgenerator.UniColorBackgroundGenerator">
<constructor-arg index="0">
<value>300</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="1">
<value>100</value>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
The TextPaster, according to his name, pastes the text on the background. This can be done in a simple way, (see example below), or another implementation can paste each character randomly (but still readably), or can double the text to make computers more confused. TextPaster can be even decorated to put perturbations around the text, a component, TextDecorator, is designed for this purpose, see Annexes for some examples. Commons arguments for TextPaster are:
- Minimal length of the text
- Maximal length of the text
- A color generator component to create the text color, see Annexes.<bean id="simpleWhitePaster" class="com.octo.captcha.component.image.textpaster.SimpleTextPaster">
<constructor-arg type="java.lang.Integer" index="0">
<value>3</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg type="java.lang.Integer" index="1">
<value>5</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg type="java.awt.Color" index="2">
<ref bean="colorGreen" />
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean id="colorGreen" class="java.awt.Color">
<constructor-arg index="0">
<value>0</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="1">
<value>255</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="2">
<value>0</value>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
This is all about the how jCaptcha generates the captcha image,now time is to use this captcha service with some application.
I am going to use this in simple registration form.
You can go through code for more details.
This is screenshot form of my registration page. The "grow" image is generated by the JCaptcha Controller.
Things to do for this are :
- In your registration form ,you should have text with name "j_captcha_response" and the second thing is to have image source which will get generated using CaptchaImageGenerator class.
<td><label>Control text</label></td><td><input type="text" name="j_captcha_response" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><img src="captcha.htm" /></td>
</tr>
- There is CaptchaImageGenerator which generate a jpeg image file for capchta image using captcha service.
byte[] captchaChallengeAsJpeg = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream jpegOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
String captchaId = request.getSession().getId();BufferedImage challenge = captchaService.getImageChallengeForID(captchaId,request.getLocale());
JPEGImageEncoder jpegEncoder =
JPEGCodec.createJPEGEncoder(jpegOutputStream);
jpegEncoder.encode(challenge);
captchaChallengeAsJpeg = jpegOutputStream.toByteArray();
response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-store");
response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
response.setContentType("image/jpeg");
ServletOutputStream responseOutputStream =
response.getOutputStream();
responseOutputStream.write(captchaChallengeAsJpeg);
responseOutputStream.flush();
responseOutputStream.close();
return
null;
}
- There will be validator method to validate this image :
void validateCaptcha(HttpServletRequest request, BindException errors){
boolean isResponseCorrect = false;
String captchaId = request.getSession().getId();
String response = request.getParameter(captchaResponseParameterName);
try {
if(response != null){
isResponseCorrect = captchaService.validateResponseForID(captchaId, response);
}
} catch (CaptchaServiceException e) {
}
if(!isResponseCorrect){
String objectName = "Captcha";
String[] codes = {"invalid"};
Object[] arguments = {};
String defaultMessage = "Invalid image test entered!";
ObjectError oe = new ObjectError(objectName, codes, arguments, defaultMessage);
errors.addError(oe);
}
}
